It is a very huge topic
but I can say you can use "in" mostly for years, months, centuries or cities, countries and neighborhoods
for example, I was born in 1980
but you can use "on" for weekdays like on "Monday, Sunday..." , for days of the months like "on 3rd of April" and streets,, vehicles etc...
and you can use "at" for different time periods of a day like at night, at noon, at 10.00 etc. or specific places like at home, at the corner...
I found these images from the web
Eki Görüntüle 2566981 Eki Görüntüle 2566982