The genetic information flow in the cell will be accomplished with the change of nucleotide sequence in DNA to protein. Thus, the nucleotide sequence in DNA is turned into aminoacids in the polipeptide chain. In order to gain functional features and locate correctly in a cell, proteins should be folded into correct three dimensional conformational structure and should be correctly processed. The molecular proteins in a cell that are responsible for protein folding are called chaperons. Also, protein disulfide isomerase and peptidyl prolyl isomerase enzymes have a role by helping to chaperons. But in protein processing, there should be more complicated mechanism for this. These are the mechanisms that help to modification of proteins, namely, glycolization, binding of lipids, proteolise and the regulation of protein functions. These mechanisms are all help not only to regulation of quantitiy of proteins but also to regulation of the functions of proteins. Thus, with the help of correct folding and processing, proteins gain functional characteristics and they are sent to target organels to achieve the functions in a cell.
2009, Page 29
Keywords: Protein folding, protein processing, chaperons, protein disulfide isomerase, peptidyl prolyl isomerase, glycolization, lipid binding, proteolise, regulation of protein functions.
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